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Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are Internet security services that allow users to access the Internet as if they were connected to a private network. Encrypts Internet communications and provides secure bindings. Some of the most common reasons for using VPNs are to protect against publicly available WIFI network theft, to prevent Internet outages, or to work remotely by connecting to your company's internal network.

In general, most Internet traffic is not encrypted and is very common. When a user creates an Internet connection, such as accessing a website in a browser, the user's device connects to the Internet service provider (ISP) and then connects to the Internet ISP to find a suitable Web server with to communicate. Request the request website.
User information is displayed at each stage of the site request. Since the user's IP address is exposed throughout the process, ISPs and any other mediator can keep user access log records. Furthermore, there is no data flow between the user's device and the Web server; A user is attacked by these malicious users, such as allowing users to spy in the middle or attack the user.

Conversely, a user connecting to the Internet using a VPN service has a higher level of security and privacy. A VPN 
connection involves the following 4 steps:
1.     The VPN client connects to the ISP using an encrypted connection.
    2.     The ISP connects the VPN client to the VPN server, maintaining the encrypted connection. 
    3.     The VPN server decrypts the data from the user’s device and then connects to the Internet to access the web server in an unencrypted communication.
    4.     The VPN server creates an encrypted connection with the client, known as a ‘VPN tunnel’

The VPN tunnel between the VPN client and the VPN server passes through an ISP. But since all the data is encrypted, the ISP cannot see the activity. Although the VPN server does not
To communicate with the Internet, the Web server does not use any user information and only provides the IP address of the VPN server.

Like other online privacy services, VPNs are sometimes categorized as tools for illegal or malicious activity. The truth is that there are many convincing and reasonable reasons to use VPN. Here are some of the most common examples:
Security through public WIFI. Users accessing public WIFI networks without a VPN are at risk. Internet traffic does not exist and other users on the same network can easily control their activities using available tools. This is a common way for hackers to steal login credentials and other confidential information. If a user is connected through a VPN, an attacker can view the encrypted data without revealing the encrypted information.

Remote Operations Many companies can use VPN to enable their employees to work remotely with many enterprises. This allows remote employees to access the company's internal network and encryption can be provided to protect the company from intruders or spies.
Exceptions to oppressive nations - In some parts of the world, even critical reading or government reading is prohibited. Many of these governments support large numbers of Internet subscribers to block much of their citizens. Protect performance with government surveillance to access Internet access to these countries for country blocking content using VPN and encrypt VPN encryption.
Location Anonymous - Some web services restrict or filter content based on your location. VPNs can be used to anonymize the user's location and exceed these limits.
Online Privacy Rights - SPI is known to use personal information, and some sites sell information to visitors. Because of the confidentiality that the VPN service provides, consumers can delete data.
There are downsides of using VPNs. VPN does not guarantee high security. If you trust the VPN provider, you can feel the security of the VPN. A dirty VPN provider can publicly sell or store information about a user. Most VPN services are provided on a monthly basis. Some VPN users may experience performance problems.
Some users may experience degraded VPN performance, which is often dependent on the VPN service you use. Not all VPNs are created identically, and if the VPN service does not have enough server capacity to handle the load you have created, your users will experience slow Internet connections. Additionally, if a VPN is located a great distance from both the user and the web server they are trying to access, the resulting travel time can create latency. For example, if a user in San Francisco visits a Web site with a customer in San Francisco, but the user's VPN service is located in Tokyo, the user request must come back halfway around the world before joining the server. It’s only a few miles away. This is also called the trombone effect.






Author:


Tharindu Kumarasiri


Java Swing, MySQL

GitHub Repository:

https://github.com/tharindukumarasiri/Student-management-system-for-NSBM-university.git



Designing a course enrollment system for NSBM Green University. The NSBM enrollment system is expected to store and maintain enrollment activities and records for all students in three faculties: School of Business, School of Computing and School of Engineering

Architecture:
Model View Controller Architecture (MVC)

View: All classes for interfaces.
Controller: All classes that deal with Databases directly.
Models: The classes that connect Views & Controllers

Sometimes Models and Controller has been implemented in a same class. The Database was not hosted since this is not a Web App. It has been established in Apache Server in Local Host of Pc. This app has been designed as one single person can be accessed with system E.g. -: Registration executive. According to NSBM requirements no need of accessing chance for Students who were registered under degree the programs of NSBM.

I assumed that no need of implementing the closing details of registrations of each degree programs because Students cannot register online and registration part is done by executive officer of NSBM. It means that this task is done by manually.
I assumed that when a new student comes for the registration he or she will be given a printed form to fill which includes a Registration number. So, the registration numbers generated accordingly and entered to the system manually.

User Interface flow

Login interface


























Register new Administrator Interface



















Dashboard of the system.


















Student enrolment interface


















To add new Student to the system, select the relevant boxes and click add student details


















Then the Student registration foam appears. Same goes to the select subject button


















In the Select subject. Admin have to manually enter the subjects as in the form above mentioned


















Student grading interface


















When selecting a student from the table it automatically fills the relevant areas so it can update or delete


















Student details Interface


















Can search student using reg id. And to update details of the student select the raw you want to update in the table and change it, then click update student details, then the database will be updated


















Teacher Details interface


















Class allocation interface
Lecturers and lecture hall allocation


















Instructors and Lab allocation. (Maximum number for one lab is 40 students)
































Author:

Tharindu Kumarasiri

Almost 10 years after the end of civil war, Sri Lanka had been named the best country for travel in 2019 by Lonely Planet. New hotels, better transport facilities and a growing number of activities were cited as the reason to choose Sri Lanka for the top spot.

The nation came to depend on tourism, with the sector becoming its third biggest economy booster as international visitors skyrocketed in the past decade. Tourists stayed an average 11 days in Sri Lanka and spent around 174 US dollar daily in 2018, generating 4.4 billion US dollars in earnings, up 11.6 percent from a year earlier.

But with the attacks on Easter Sunday morning targeting churches and hotels, the tourism industry took a big hit. This is the first time that tourists and hotels were a target by terrorists in Sri Lanka. 40 tourists were killed by the blasts at the Shangri-La, The Kingsbury and the Cinnamon Grand.


Hundreds of tourists have flown home. Some have shortened their stay and others have
turned back after they heard of the attacks while in transit. A significant number of cancellations have happened including the biggest event; UN-supported International Wildlife Conference CITIES.

Countries like the US, UK, China, Canada, Spain, Israel and Australia have already issued warnings of the situation in Sri Lanka.

During a political crisis from October to December 2018, when large but peaceful protests were held, Sri Lanka's arrivals growth fell to 3.3 percent in December and 2.2 percent in January, traditionally the two best-performing peak months.

Sri Lanka Tourism Promotions Bureau and Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority Chairman Kishu Gomes opined the hit from the Easter bombings will be worse compared to the outcome of the political crisis.


Meanwhile, Sanath Ukwatte, the President of the largest leisure industry lobby group, The Hotels Association of Sri Lanka (THASL), and the Chairman of the Mount Lavinia Hotel Group, was more optimistic. He said, "Other countries, not only us; Indonesia, Thailand, India and Turkey, they all had their share of extremists attacks on tourist hotels, and for them, it bounced back after a while."

New promotional efforts were only starting to get underway in 2019, after Sri Lanka was named the world's top country to visit by travel publisher Lonely Planet receiving greater attention from travel bloggers and publications worldwide and then the bombs went off.

The industry expects a huge blow for the next coming months or years causing a downward turn in the economy. Having experienced these kinds of situations during the war, officials are confident that the industry will have a comeback soon and that the need of the hour is to be vigilant.







Author:

Amasa Jayasinghe

In 2015 Alex Russel, an engineer at Google announced Progressive Web Applications for the first time. In short, Progressive web apps are web apps with the functionality and design of mobile apps. With this the user can have an app-like experience on web pages or websites without installing any application. So, the user can even use it offline while adding the link to the web app in the home screen that looks like a native app.  PWAs combine the flexibility of the web with the experience of a native application. It's not that obvious if a web app is a PWA or not from first glance. An app could be considered a PWA when it meets certain requirements, or have implemented a set of given features such as,
  •          Progressive - so it's still usable on a basic level on older browsers, but fully-functional on the latest ones.
  •          Responsive - Fits any form factor: desktop, mobile, tablet, or forms yet to emerge.
  •          Network independent - so it works offline or with a poor network connection.
  •         Installable - so it's available on the device's home screen.
  •          Fresh - Always up-to-date as to the service worker update process.
  •          Safe - Served via HTTPS to prevent snooping and ensure content hasn't been tampered with.
  •          Discoverable - Are identifiable as “applications” from W3C manifests and service worker registration scope allowing search engines to find them.
  •          Re-engageable - Make re-engagement easy through features like push notifications.
  •          Linkable - Easily shared via a URL and do not require complex installation.


For Developers



PWAs are web apps developed using a number of specific technologies and standard patterns to allow them to take advantage of both web and native app features. They represent a new philosophy for building web apps, involving some specific patterns, APIs, and other features. There are tools to measure the completeness of an app in percentages. Lighthouse is currently the most popular one. There are three main requirements to develop a progressive web application,
  •          Use HTTPS.
  •          Have a Valid Web Manifest.
  •          Register a Service Worker with a Fetch Event Handler.
  •          The name of the web application
  •          Links to the web app icons or image objects
  •          The preferred URL to launch or open the web app
  •          The web app configuration data for a number of characteristics
  •          Declaration for default orientation of the web app
  •          Enables to set the display mode e.g. full screen

The web app manifest is a W3C specification defining a JSON-based manifest to provide developers a centralized place to put metadata associated with a web application including:
This metadata is crucial for an app to be added to a home screen or otherwise listed alongside native apps. Developers want more control as to when their apps show the banner. For example, if an airline site has a PWA for storing boarding passes, it only makes sense to ask people to install it after they have actually bought a ticket. For a news site, users are logged in, it might make sense to show the prompt immediately. And in some cases, even if you have a fully qualifying PWA, you might not even want to show the prompt at all. But most probably, you would want to define your own criteria in your app to determine who’s a loyal enough user to show the banner to.

Developing a Progressive Web App has no relation to what-so-ever language you choose to develop your web app in. If you’re hands down on Angular, it would be much faster development. jQuery helps you build multi page applications easily. In ideal web apps, Angular, Polymer, React, jQuery or vanilla JavaScript are even used together for different sections.


If starting from scratch (as opposed to migrating an existing app) React is probably the best framework to go for since it now (with React PWA) integrates PWA to its create react app functionality by default. So, if you run create react app you can proceed with your app creation in a really fast and straightforward way, assuming you are familiar with React. All that it takes to make any web application a PWA is for it to be served on https, have a web manifest and use a service worker for offline functionality and any extras. That means that you can really use any framework or none to create a PWA. If it's going to be a complex application using multiple caching strategies for different routes and assets, using Google's workbox library is the way to go. If it's quite simple then running something like PWA builder on your website will be enough

For Users

PWAs are actually created to increase the user experience of websites. According to Google report, 53% of mobile site visits are abandoned if it takes longer than three seconds for them to load. Progressive Web Apps solve this problem well. PWA combines the best of the web and native applications and users get full app experience without even installing an app. Since 2016 users lean more and more towards the usage of PWAs. So, the PWA demand grows fast enough to developers to encourage implementing more PWA sites. Some of the biggest brands in the world already saw the benefits. Forbes’ PWA increased impressions per visit by 10%. Alibaba increased mobile conversions by 76% and Twitter saw a 20% decrease in bounce rate. Progressive Web Apps are now supported on the desktop also so the desktop users can now have the PWA experience. Twitter has adopted PWA technology to improve the mobile engagement and reduce the data usage of its users. The social media giant has 328 million monthly active users all around the globe, among which 80% are mobile users. This PWA has significantly met their expectations and the following results were observed. 75% increase in Tweets sent 65% increase in pages per session 20% decrease in bounce rate Reduced data consumption as much as 70% by optimizing the images.

One of the most amazing features of PWA is that it is easy to update. Since there is no app store that works as a mediator, users can enjoy the updated app as soon as website have updated it from there side. Making the user install an app from the store can be a pain in the neck. But with a PWA the user can install the app with just one tap. This frictionless installation lets users enjoy service instead of installing the bulky native app.

Future

Google compared top 1000 mobile apps vs. top 1000 mobile app properties (web) to study the reach and user engagement. The results of the comparison showed a great disparity in user behavior. According to the study, mobile web reach is way higher than native app reach. It was 11.4 million unique visitors per month compared to 4 million visitors. Whereas the stats of user engagement with services showed that users tend to spend more time on native mobile apps compared to the mobile web. It was an average of 188.6 minutes on app against 9.3 minutes on the web. So, the idea was clear. They wanted to provide a native app like engaging experience to users on the mobile web. In this way, Progressive Web Apps were developed to deliver amazing user experience on the web. And it was successful, since 2016 the PWA reach increases higher. So, in future more and more progressive web apps will be build and might overcome the native apps since it has the both good qualities of both the website and native app. Some companies tend to build a PWAs because building a web app and a native mobile app is too costly. In future there might be even web apps for games and the PWA trend will catch up. So, a user can play a game just as easy without downloading any application from an app store. In Chrome 70, PWAs in Windows 10 function like regular apps. That means they support notifications, Live Tiles and Cortana, and they’re accessible from the Chrome menu, the Start Menu or as a pinned app on the taskbar. And they’re available in the Microsoft Store. First it was only available on chrome since PWA was invented by google now web browsers like Microsoft edge and opera are catching up supporting Progressive Web Apps.

In my opinion this is a brilliant idea, because all the parties users, developers and company owners have benefits from PWAs. All of us, the users should tend to use PWAs more than native apps so the development on this area will grow faster. Brands and organizations like Starbucks, Twitter, Burger King, Home Depot and NASA are all switching to PWAs. Since very large companies are now making them the development is going the right way. I’m not saying we should abandon native apps totally, because there are things that cannot be done only by a website. But it is going that way for example google maps now have a PWA site, imagine you don’t have to wait for the google maps app to load, that it loads as fast as you click on the PWA icon of the google maps. Also, it has most of the functions of it. In Instagram’s PWA site have the camera option. There is an app called Lyft it’s a transportation network company which shows live cab locations. The best part is that Progressive Web Apps comes with the better pats of both websites and native apps which are smooth and not laggy scrolling or usage of the websites and app like quick access from home of the phone tablet or even desktop.






Author:

Tharindu Kumarasiri

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Tharindu Kumarasiri

Im a technology enthusiast who likes to be encountered with new technological discoveries.

Amasa Jayasinghe

Im a passionate team player who likes to seek technology in a business mind-set. Extremely motivated to constantly develop my skills and grow professionally.

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